H12-725_V4.0 HCIP-Security V4.0 Exam Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Network Access Control (NAC) and AAA work together for secure network access.

Key functions:

A. AAA handles user-to-device authentication.

B. NAC handles device-to-server authentication.

C. NAC supports 802.1X, MAC authentication, and Portal authentication.

D. AAA enforces authentication, authorization, and accounting.

Why are all options correct?

Each option correctly describes a function of NAC or AAA.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → NAC & AAA Integration

Understanding Policy-Based Routing (PBR) in this Scenario:

PBR (Policy-Based Routing)is used toredirect and control traffic flowbased on policies instead of traditional routing.

Router1 is acting as a traffic diversion device, redirecting traffic through acleaning devicebefore sending it to the final destination (Zones).

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ Policy-Based Routing (PBR) and Traffic Diversion

Huawei CloudCampus Traffic Optimization Guide→ Cleaning Device Integration with Routers

Huawei USG Series Firewall Configuration Guide→ Traffic Redirection for Security Inspection

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Flood attacks (DoS/DDoS) overwhelm network resources, preventing normal users from accessing services.

Correct answers:

A. Exhaust available bandwidth→ Large amounts of traffic saturate the network.

B. Exhaust server-side resources→ High CPU/memory usage causes server crashes.

D. Exhaust network device resources→ Firewalls, routers, and switches become overloaded.

Why is C incorrect?

Controlling host rights is related to hacking, not flooding attacks.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → DoS/DDoS Attack Prevention

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Outbound intelligent uplink selectionenables optimal routing decisions based on network conditions.

Smart DNS, Global Route Selection Policy, and ISP-Based Route Selectionare all part of intelligent uplink selection.

Why is A incorrect?

PBR is NOT an intelligent uplink selection technology; it applies static rules for traffic forwarding instead.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Intelligent Traffic Steering

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

GRE over IPsecis used totunnel non-IP traffic, multicast, and dynamic routing protocolsover IPsec VPN.

Tunnel mode is requiredbecause:

Transport mode only encrypts the payload, but GRE needs the entireoriginal IP packet encrypted.

Tunnel mode encrypts the entire packet(original + GRE headers), ensuring full encapsulation.

Why is this statement true?

GRE over IPsec must use tunnel modeto fully encapsulate and protect packets.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → GRE over IPsec Configuration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

A Trojan horse is a type of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate applicationto trick users into installing it.

Transmission methods:

A. Exploiting vulnerabilities→ Attackers use system/software vulnerabilities to inject Trojans.

B. Bundled in software→ Trojans are included in cracked software or pirated applications.

C. Downloaded from third-party sites→ Users unknowingly install malware from untrusted sources.

D. Masquerading as useful software→ Fake tools trick users into installation.

Why are all options correct?

All listed methods are common ways Trojans spread.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Malware & Trojan Horse Attacks

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

1️⃣Understanding HWTACACS:

HWTACACS (Huawei Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System)is aHuawei-proprietaryAAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) protocol.

It isbased on the TACACS+ protocolbut optimized for Huawei devices.

Why the Statement is False?

The statement contains atechnical inaccuracyabout thetransport protocolused by HWTACACS.

Incorrect:"It uses UDP for transmission."

Correct:HWTACACS uses TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), not UDP.

TACACS+ and HWTACACS both use TCP (port 49) for reliable communication.

Key Features of HWTACACS:

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Why TCP is Used Instead of UDP?

TCP ensures reliable deliveryof AAA messages.

UnlikeRADIUS (which uses UDP), HWTACACS does not suffer from packet loss issuessince TCP provides retransmission and flow control.

Where is HWTACACS Used?

Device Login Authentication→ Securely managesnetwork administrators accessing Huawei routers, switches, and firewalls.

Authorization Control→ Grants specific command-level privileges to users.

Accounting→ Logs command execution for auditing purposes.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) logs record attack details for analysis and response.

The following information is logged:

A. Signature ID→ Unique identifier for the detected attack.

B. Source IP address of the attacker→ Identifies the origin of the attack.

C. Attack duration→ How long the attack lasted.

D. Signature name→ The specific attack detected (e.g., SQL injection).

All options are correct because Huawei NGFW logs complete IPS event details.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → IPS Logging & Analysis

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POST → Sending Information to the Server

ThePOST methodin HTTP is used to send data to a web server.

Examples include:

Submitting login credentials.

Posting comments or messages on a forum.

Uploading files via web applications.

UnlikeGET, POSThides sensitive information in the request body, making it more secure for transmitting login credentials or personal data.

Internet Access Using a Proxy → Firewall Deployment for Proxy Access

Aproxy serverallows users toaccess the internet through a controlled gateway.

To enforce security policies, afirewall must be deployed between the intranet and the proxy server.

Proxies are used for:

Content filtering(blocking unwanted websites).

Access control(restricting web usage based on user roles).

Anonymization(hiding the user's original IP address).

File Upload/Download Size → Controlling Upload Limits

Firewalls and security devicescan restrict file upload/download sizesto:

Prevent excessive bandwidth usage.

Block potentially malicious file uploads.

Alert and Block Thresholds:

Alert threshold:Logs a warning if a file exceeds a specific size.

Block threshold:Prevents files larger than the configured limit from being uploaded or downloaded.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

IKEv1 Phase 1 (Main Mode) consists of six messages:

Messages 1 & 2 → Negotiate security proposals(encryption, authentication, and DH group).

Messages 3 & 4 → Exchange key-related information.

Messages 5 & 6 → Perform mutual authentication.

Why is B correct?

Messages 1 and 2 negotiate IKE proposalsbetween VPN peers.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → IKEv1 Main Mode Negotiation

Understanding the Differences Between HWTACACS and RADIUS:

HWTACACS(Huawei Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System) is aHuawei-enhanced version of TACACS+used forAAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting).

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service)is also an AAA protocol but is mainly designed fornetwork access authentication, such asVPNs and wireless authentication.

Why is Option B Correct?

HWTACACS supports per-command authorization, meaning administrators canassign different command privileges to different users.

For example, ajunior network engineer may be allowed to view configurations but not modify them, while asenior engineer has full access.

RADIUS does not support granular command authorization, as it primarily controlsnetwork accessrather than device management.

Understanding 802.1X Authentication in Wired Networks:

802.1X is a port-based network access control (PNAC) protocolthat requires aLayer 2 connectionbetween thesupplicant (PC), the authenticator (switch), and the authentication server (e.g., RADIUS server).

In wired networks,802.1X authentication occurs at the Ethernet switch (Layer 2 device), which enforces authenticationbefore allowing network access.

Why Must the Network Be Layer 2?

802.1X authentication operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) before any IP-based communication (Layer 3) occurs.

If the authentication device and user terminal were on different Layer 3 networks, the authentication packets (EAPOL - Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN)would not be forwarded.

In the figure, the authentication control point is at theaggregation switch, which means thePC and switch must be in the same Layer 2 domain.

Components of 802.1X Authentication in the Figure:

Supplicant (PC)→ The device requesting network access.

Authenticator (Aggregation Switch)→ The switch controlling access to the network based on authentication results.

Authentication Server (iMaster NCE-Campus & AD Server)→ Verifies user credentials and grants or denies access.

Layer 2 Connectivity Requirement→ ThePC must be in the same Layer 2 networkas theAuthenticatorto communicate via EAPOL.

Why "TRUE" is the Correct Answer:

802.1X authentication is performed before IP addresses are assigned, meaning it can only operate in a Layer 2 network.

EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN) messages are not routableand must stay within a single Layer 2 broadcast domain.

In enterprise networks,VLAN-based 802.1X authentication is often used, where authenticated users are assigned to a specific VLAN.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ 802.1X Authentication in Enterprise Networks

Huawei iMaster NCE-Campus Documentation→ Authentication Control and NAC Deployment

IEEE 802.1X Standard Documentation→ Layer 2 Network Authentication

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

IPsec does not support non-IP traffic (e.g., multicast, routing protocols, or legacy protocols like IPX).

GRE over IPsec allows encapsulation of:

A. IPX→ Legacy protocol supported via GRE.

B. VRRP→ Uses multicast, which GRE supports.

C. IPv6→ GRE tunnels can carry IPv6 over IPv4.

D. OSPF→ Uses multicast (224.0.0.5 & 224.0.0.6), requiring GRE.

Why are all options correct?

GRE over IPsec is required for non-unicast and legacy protocols.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → GRE over IPsec Deployment

1. Virtual System → Services and routes can be isolated.

A virtual system (VS)in Huawei firewalls is afully isolated security instancewithin a single physical firewall.

Each virtual system hasseparate services, routing tables, policies, and security rules, ensuring full isolation between different users or tenants.

2. VPN Instance → Only route isolation can be implemented.

AVPN instance (VRF - Virtual Routing and Forwarding)providesroute isolationfor different customer networks butdoes not isolate services or security policies.

This is typically used inMPLS VPN deploymentswhere different customers share the same physical device but need isolated routing tables.

3. VPN Instance → VPN instances are automatically generated.

In someMPLS VPNorSDN-managed networks, VPN instances can beautomatically createdwhen customer configurations are pushed via controllers.

Dynamic routing protocols (e.g., BGP/MPLS VPN) can automatically generateVRF instancesbased on network policies.

4. Virtual System → An instance needs to be manually created.

Unlike VPN instances,virtual systems must be manually createdby an administrator on the firewall.

Each virtual system functions as acompletely independent firewall, requiring manual configuration ofinterfaces, policies, and routing settings.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

DoS (Denial-of-Service)→ A single attacker sends excessive traffic to a target.

DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service)→ Uses multiple compromised devices (zombies or botnets) to amplify the attack.

Why is this statement true?

DDoS attacks originate from multiple sources (botnets), unlike DoS attacks.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → DoS vs. DDoS Attacks