H12-893_V1.0 HCIP-Data Center Network V1.0 Questions and Answers

On Huawei CloudEngine (CE) series switches, VXLAN tunnel monitoring and troubleshooting involve specific commands to diagnose issues such as tunnel Down status or failed dynamic establishment. Let’s evaluate each option:

A. Run the display vxlan statistics command to check the cause of the fault:This command provides statistics on VXLAN tunnel traffic, including packet drops, encapsulation/decapsulation counts, and errors. It helps identify issues like misconfiguration or network congestion, making it a valid troubleshooting tool.TRUE.

B. Run the display vxlan peer command to check the cause of the fault on the peer device of the tunnel:This command displays information about VXLAN peers, including their IP addresses, VNIs, and reachability status. Checking the peer device’s status can reveal connectivity or configuration mismatches, aiding fault diagnosis.TRUE.

C. Run the display vxlan troubleshooting command to check the causes of at most the latest five failures to dynamically establish a VXLAN tunnel:This command logs and displays troubleshooting details, including the latest five failure reasons for dynamic tunnel setup (e.g., BGP EVPN issues or reachability problems). This is a standard feature on Huawei CE switches.TRUE.

D. Run the display vxlan troubleshooting command to check at most the latest five reasons why a VXLAN tunnel goes Down:This command also tracks reasons for tunnel Down events (e.g., underlay failure, peer unreachability), limited to the latest five incidents. This is consistent with Huawei’s troubleshooting capabilities.TRUE.

All optionsA, B, C, and Dare true, as they represent valid commands and approaches to troubleshoot VXLAN tunnel issues on Huawei CE switches.References:Huawei CloudEngine Series Switch Command Reference – VXLAN Commands; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Troubleshooting VXLAN.

In Huawei’s CloudFabric Solution, the iMaster NCE-Fabric SDN controller cluster separates network planes based on carried services to ensure scalability and security. Let’s evaluate each option:

A. BGP microservice plane:This is not a standard plane in Huawei’s SDN architecture. BGP is used in the underlay/overlay but not defined as a separate microservice plane for the controller.FALSE.

B. Southbound service plane:This is true. The southbound plane carries configuration and control data to network devices (e.g., via NETCONF, BGP-EVPN), a critical service plane in SDN.TRUE.

C. Northbound management plane:This is true. The northbound plane provides APIs for management applications and orchestration (e.g., OpenStack integration), handling service requests.TRUE.

D. Internal communication plane:This is true. This plane facilitates communication between controller cluster nodes for synchronization and high availability.TRUE.

Thus,B (Southbound service plane), C (Northbound management plane), and D (Internal communication plane)are the network planes divided based on carried services.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – SDN Architecture; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Controller Planes.

Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP) in Huawei’s CloudFabric automates device setup using DHCP. Let’s evaluate each option:

A. Default gateway address:This is true. DHCP can deliver the default gateway address to configure routing for the device.TRUE.

B. SFTP server address:This is false. SFTP server addresses are not standard DHCP options; they may be configured manually or via other protocols (e.g., TFTP for boot files).FALSE.

C. DNS server address:This is true. DHCP can provide DNS server addresses (Option 6) for name resolution during ZTP.TRUE.

D. Temporary management IP address:This is true. DHCP assigns temporary IPs (e.g., Option 50) for management during initial provisioning in ZTP.TRUE.

Thus,A, C, and Dcan be delivered by a DHCP server in ZTP.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – ZTP Configuration; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – ZTP Process.

iMaster NCE-Fabric automates network configuration delivery in Huawei’s CloudFabric. Let’s evaluate each statement:

A. Logical switches are mainly used for Layer 3 communication between hosts on a VXLAN network. These switches correspond to Layer 3 gateway configurations such as VBDIF interface and VPN instance configurations on physical devices:This is false. Logical switches in iMaster NCE-Fabric primarily handle Layer 2 communication (e.g., bridging within a VNI), corresponding to Bridge Domains (BDs) and Layer 2 VNIs. Layer 3communication is managed by gateways, not logical switches.FALSE.

B. An end port represents an online host. It corresponds to the traffic encapsulation type (whether a VLAN tag is carried) configured on a Layer 2 sub-interface of a physical device:This is true. End ports map to host connections, with encapsulation (VLAN-tagged or untagged) configured on sub-interfaces.TRUE.

C. A logical port is equivalent to an independent physical port that is used by a host to connect to a VXLAN network. It corresponds to the Layer 2 sub-interface configuration on a physical device:This is true. Logical ports represent host connections, mapped to Layer 2 sub-interfaces for VXLAN access.TRUE.

D. Logical switches are mainly used for Layer 2 communication between hosts on a VXLAN network. These switches correspond to BD and Layer 2 VNI configurations on physical devices:This is true. Logical switches facilitate Layer 2 connectivity, aligning with BD and VNI settings.TRUE.

Thus,Ais the false statement because logical switches are for Layer 2, not Layer 3, communication.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – iMaster NCE-Fabric Configuration; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Logical Network Mapping.

Huawei’s CloudFabric solution provides an SDN-based framework for data center network management, supporting automation across the network lifecycle. Let’s evaluate each phase:

A. Planning and construction:This is true. CloudFabric automates network design, resource allocation, and deployment during the planning and construction phase using tools like iMaster NCE.TRUE.

B. Service provisioning:This is true. Automated service orchestration (e.g., VXLAN tunnel setup, tenant configuration) is a key feature during provisioning.TRUE.

C. O&M and monitoring:This is true. CloudFabric offers real-time monitoring, fault detection, and performance optimization through centralized management.TRUE.

D. Change optimization:This is true. The solution supports automated upgrades, policyadjustments, and optimization based on analytics, covering the change management phase.TRUE.

All phasesA, B, C, and Dare supported by CloudFabric’s full-lifecycle automation.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – Automation Features; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Lifecycle Management.

TheEasy modein Huawei’s iMaster NCE-Fabric simplifies network deployment for basic VXLAN fabrics. Let’s evaluate each statement:

A. This mode has low networking requirements:This is true. Easy mode is designed for simple topologies (e.g., small spine-leaf networks) with minimal configuration complexity.TRUE.

B. iMaster NCE-Fabric automatically generates configuration script files:This is true. Easy mode automates script generation based on user inputs, reducing manual effort.TRUE.

C. On iMaster NCE-Fabric, you need to manually create and configure fabric resource pools, managed devices, device groups, device roles, tenants, and VPCs one by one in the Configuration Wizard menu:This is false. Easy mode automates these tasks, minimizing manual configuration compared to advanced modes.FALSE.

D. Layer 2 and Layer 3 basic services in a VPC are orchestrated on the Easy page:This is true. Easy mode supports automated orchestration of L2 (e.g., BDs) and L3 (e.g., gateways) services within a VPC.TRUE.

Thus,A, B, and Dare true statements about Easy mode.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – iMaster NCE-Fabric Easy Mode; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Deployment Modes.

BGP EVPN (Ethernet VPN) extends BGP to provide control plane functionality for VXLAN overlays, including in Huawei’s data center networks. EVPN defines several route types to advertise different types of information:

Type 1:Auto-discovery routes for EVPN instances.

Type 2:MAC/IP Advertisement routes for host reachability.

Type 3:Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag routes for multicast traffic.

Type 4:Ethernet Segment routes for multi-homing.

Type 5:IP Prefix routes for advertising host IP routes and external network routes, enabling inter-subnet and external connectivity.

The question specifies routes used to advertise "host IP routes and external network routes," which aligns withType 5routes. These routes carry IP prefix information and a Layer 3 VNI, facilitating Layer 3 routing within the EVPN domain or to external networks. Thus, the answer is5.References:Huawei HCIP-Data Center Network Training – BGP EVPN Routes; CloudFabric EVPN Configuration Guide.

Layer 4 load balancing operates at the transport layer (OSI Layer 4), using TCP/UDP protocols to distribute traffic based on information like IP addresses and port numbers, without inspecting the application-layer content (Layer 7). Let’s evaluate each option:

A. Nginx:Nginx is a versatile web server and reverse proxy that supports both Layer 4 and Layer 7 load balancing. In its Layer 4 mode (e.g., with the stream module), it balances TCP/UDP traffic, making it a Layer 4 load balancing technology. This is widely used in Huawei’s CloudFabric DCN solutions for traffic distribution.TRUE.

B. PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol):PPP is a Layer 2 protocol used for establishing direct connections between two nodes, typically in WAN scenarios (e.g., dial-up or VPNs). It does not perform load balancing at Layer 4 or any layer, as it’s a point-to-point encapsulation protocol.FALSE.

C. LVS (Linux Virtual Server):LVS is a high-performance, open-source load balancing solution integrated into the Linux kernel. It operates at Layer 4, using techniques like NAT, IP tunneling, or direct routing to distribute TCP/UDP traffic across backend servers. It’s a core Layer 4 technology in enterprise DCNs.TRUE.

D. HAProxy:HAProxy is a high-availability load balancer that supports both Layer 4 (TCP mode) and Layer 7 (HTTP mode). In TCP mode, it balances traffic based on Layer 4 attributes, making it a Layer 4 load balancing technology. It’s commonly deployed in Huawei DCN environments.TRUE.

Thus,A (Nginx), C (LVS), and D (HAProxy)are Layer 4 load balancing technologies. PPP is not.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – Load Balancing Section; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Network Traffic Management.

Virtualization technologies enable the creation of virtual machines (VMs) by abstracting hardware resources. Open-source technologies are freely available with accessible source code. Let’s evaluate each option:

A. Hyper-V:Hyper-V is a hypervisor developed by Microsoft, integrated into Windows Server and available as a standalone product. It is proprietary, not open-source, as its source code is not publicly available.Not Open-Source.

B. Xen:Xen is an open-source hypervisor maintained by the Xen Project under the Linux Foundation. It supports multiple guest operating systems and is widely used in cloud environments (e.g., Citrix XenServer builds on it). Its source code is freely available.Open-Source.

C. FusionSphere:FusionSphere is Huawei’s proprietary virtualization and cloud computing platform, based on OpenStack and other components. While it integrates open-source elements (e.g., KVM), FusionSphere itself is a commercial product, not fully open-source.Not Open-Source.

D. KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine):KVM is an open-source virtualization technology integrated into the Linux kernel. It turns Linux into a Type-1 hypervisor, and its source code is available under the GNU General Public License. It’s widely used in Huawei’s virtualization solutions.Open-Source.

Thus,B (Xen) and D (KVM)are open-source virtualization technologies.References:Huawei HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Virtualization Technologies; Official Xen Project and KVM Documentation.

Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group (M-LAG) is a high-availability technology on Huawei CloudEngine (CE) series switches, where two switches appear as a single logical device to downstream devices. The peer-link between the M-LAG peers synchronizes critical information to ensure seamless failover if one device fails. Let’s evaluate the entries:

A. MAC Address Entries:MAC address tables map device MACs to ports. In M-LAG, synchronizing MAC entries ensures that both switches know the location of connected devices. If one switch fails, the surviving switch can forward Layer 2 traffic without relearning MAC addresses, preventing disruptions.Required.

B. Routing Entries:Routing entries (e.g., OSPF or BGP routes) are maintained at Layer 3 and typically synchronized via routing protocols, not M-LAG peer-link packets. M-LAG operates at Layer 2, and while Layer 3 can be overlaid (e.g., with VXLAN), routing table synchronization is not a standard M-LAG requirement.Not Required.

C. IGMP Entries:IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) entries track multicast group memberships. While useful for multicast traffic, they are not critical for basic unicast traffic forwarding in M-LAG failover scenarios. Huawei documentation indicates IGMP synchronization is optional and context-specific, not mandatory for general traffic continuity.Not Required.

D. ARP Entries:ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) entries map IP addresses to MAC addresses, crucial for Layer 2/Layer 3 communication. Synchronizing ARP entries ensures the surviving switch can resolve IP-to-MAC mappings post-failover, avoiding ARP flooding or traffic loss.Required.

Thus,A (MAC address entries) and D (ARP entries)are essential for M-LAG synchronization to maintain traffic forwarding during failover, per Huawei CE switch M-LAG design.References:Huawei CloudEngine Series Switch Configuration Guide – M-LAG Section; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – High Availability Technologies.

In Huawei’s CloudFabric Solution,SecoManager(Security Manager) andiMaster NCE-Fabric(Network Controller) are components of the SDN ecosystem. SecoManager handles security policy management, while iMaster NCE-Fabric manages network orchestration.

Deployment:These components can be deployed independently but are designed to integrate seamlessly. Huawei’s architecture supports automated interconnection after installation, leveraging northbound/southbound APIs or pre-configured integration workflows.

Interconnection:Manual interconnection is not required post-installation; the system automates the process once both are deployed and configured within the same management domain (e.g., via IP addressing and authentication).

The statement isFALSE (B)because interconnection is automated, not manual.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – Component Integration; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – SDN Deployment.

VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) is a network overlay technology that encapsulates Layer 2 Ethernet frames within UDP packets to extend Layer 2 networks over Layer 3 infrastructure, widely used in Huawei’s CloudFabric data center solutions. The encapsulation process, often referred to as "MAC-in-UDP," involves wrapping the original Ethernet frame (including MAC addresses) inside a UDP packet.

UDP Encapsulation:The VXLAN header follows the UDP header, and the destination UDP port number identifies VXLAN traffic. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has officially assignedUDP port 4789as the default destination port for VXLAN.

Options Analysis:

A. 4787:This is not a standard VXLAN port and is not recognized by IANA or Huawei documentation.

B. 4789:This is the correct and widely adopted destination port for VXLAN, as specified in RFC 7348 and implemented in Huawei’s VXLAN configurations.

C. 4790:This port is not associated with VXLAN and is unused in this context.

D. 4788:This is not a standard VXLAN port; it may be confused with other protocols but is not correct for VXLAN.

Thus, the destination port number used during UDP encapsulation in VXLAN isB (4789), aligning with Huawei’s VXLAN implementation standards.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – VXLAN Configuration Guide; RFC 7348 – Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN).

Huawei’s iMaster NCE-Fabric is an SDN controller for the CloudFabric data center network solution, providing network management and automation. The rollback feature allows administrators to revert configuration changes to previous states in case of errors. According to Huawei’s documentation, iMaster NCE-Fabric supportsfour rollback levels, enabling the system to store and restore up to four previous configuration versions. This ensures flexibility in undoing changes during network management tasks like upgrades or policy adjustments.

Options Analysis:

A. 3: Incorrect, as it underestimates the supported levels.

B. 4: Correct, aligning with Huawei’s specified rollback capability.

C. 2: Incorrect, as it is fewer than the supported levels.

D. 1: Incorrect, as it limits rollback to a single state, which is insufficient for complex management.

Thus, the answer isB (4).References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – iMaster NCE-Fabric Features; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – SDN Controller Management.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a routing protocol used in the underlay network of Huawei’s CloudFabric DCNs. Let’s evaluate each statement:

A. Typically, the IP address of Loopback0 is configured as the VTEP IP address and the same IP address is planned for active-active leaf nodes in the same group:This is true. Loopback0 IP is commonly used as the VTEP IP for stability, and in active-active leaf node groups (e.g., M-LAG), the same IP can be configured with VRRP or anycast to ensure consistency.TRUE.

B. The network type of spine and leaf nodes can be set to P2P in order to accelerate convergence:This is true. Setting OSPF network type to Point-to-Point (P2P) on spine-leaf links reduces overhead (e.g., no DR/BDR election) and speeds up convergence, a recommended practice in Huawei DCNs.TRUE.

C. This routing design is recommended when the DC has more than 300 switches:This is false. OSPF is suitable for smaller to medium-sized DCNs (e.g., up to 200-300 switches). For larger networks (>300 switches), EBGP is preferred due to better scalability and reduced complexity.FALSE.

D. It is recommended that all devices be planned in Area 0:This is false. While a single Area 0 is possible for small DCNs, multi-area OSPF is recommended for larger networks to manage scalability and reduce routing table size, avoiding a flat Area 0 design.FALSE.

Thus,A and Bare true statements about OSPF routing design in a DC underlay.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – Underlay Design; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – OSPF in DCN.

A hypervisor is a software layer that creates and manages virtual machines (VMs) by abstracting physical resources from the underlying hardware. The question specifies that the hypervisor virtualizes "memory" and "input/output (I/O) resources," and the task is to provide the missing resource acronym in uppercase letters. In virtualization contexts, including Huawei’s FusionCompute or OpenStack with KVM, the primary physical resources virtualized by a hypervisor are:

CPU:The central processing unit (CPU) is virtualized to allocate processing power to VMs, enabling multi-tenancy and workload isolation.

Memory:Virtualized to provide RAM allocation to VMs, abstracted via memory management units (MMUs).

I/O Resources:Input/output resources (e.g., NICs, disks) are virtualized to allow VMs to communicate and store data, often through virtual NICs (vNICs) or virtual disks.

The question lists "memory" and "I/O resources" explicitly, implying the missing resource is CPU, as it completes the standard triad of virtualized resources in hypervisor design. Thus, the answer isCPU.References:Huawei HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Virtualization Fundamentals; FusionCompute Architecture Guide.