NS0-162 NetApp Certified Data Administrator (ONTAP) Questions and Answers

When you set up an ONTAP cluster, the cluster setup process automatically creates the admin SVM and the node SVMs for the cluster. The admin SVM represents the cluster and provides cluster-wide management services. The node SVMs represent the individual nodes of the cluster and provide node-specific management services. The data SVMs and the cluster SVMs are not automatically created, but can be created manually or by using the System Manager GUI. The data SVMs provide data access to the clients and applications using various protocols. The cluster SVMs provide intercluster communication and data replication between clusters12. References :- Types of SVMs, ONTAP - Types of SVMs

Storage efficiency features are techniques that reduce the amount of physical storage required to store data. ONTAP supports various storage efficiency features, such as deduplication, compression, and compaction. On AFF systems, some of these features are enabled by default on all newly created volumes. According to the documentation1, the following storage efficiency features are enabled by default on AFF systems:

• Aggregate-level compression: This feature compresses data blocks at the aggregate level, reducing the physical space required to store data. Aggregate-level compression is applied after all other storage efficiency features, such as deduplication and compaction, are applied at the volume level. Aggregate-level compression is enabled by default on all aggregates on AFF systems.
• Volume-level inline deduplication: This feature eliminates duplicate data blocks within a volume before they are written to disk, reducing the amount of data written and improving performance. Volume-level inline deduplication is enabled by default on all volumes on AFF systems.

Other storage efficiency features, such as LUN-level compression and aggregate-level inline deduplication, are not enabled by default on AFF systems. LUN-level compression is a feature that compresses data blocks at the LUN level, reducing the logical space required to store data. LUN-level compression is disabled by default on all LUNs on AFF systems, and it is not recommended to enable it unless there is a specific use case. Aggregate-level inline deduplication is a feature that eliminates duplicate data blocks across volumes within an aggregate before they are written to disk, reducing the amount of data written and improving performance. Aggregate-level inline deduplication is disabled by default on all aggregates on AFF systems, and it is recommended to enable it only on aggregates that contain volumes with similar data sets. References :- Inline storage efficiency enabled by default on AFF systems, Storage efficiency features, LUN-level compression, Aggregate-level inline deduplication

 NetApp ONTAP Select is a software-only version of ONTAP that can run on commodity servers with direct-attached storage. It supports both block and file protocols, including NFS, NVMe, and CIFS. SCSI and FCP are not supported by ONTAP Select. References :- ONTAP Select overview, Client protocols, Software-Defined Storage with ONTAP Select

ONTAP System Manager is a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) that enables you to manage and monitor your ONTAP cluster. You can use ONTAP System Manager to add protocol licenses to your cluster by following a simple and easy workflow. The other management tools are not designed for adding protocol licenses to an ONTAP cluster. NetApp Cloud Manager is a cloud-based service that helps you deploy and manage NetApp cloud data services. Active IQ Unified Manager is a software application that provides performance monitoring and health management for ONTAP clusters. Active IQ Config Advisor is a tool that scans and validates the configuration of NetApp storage systems and hosts. References :- Configure ONTAP on a new cluster with System Manager, ONTAP System Manager overview, NetApp Cloud Manager overview, Active IQ Unified Manager overview, Active IQ Config Advisor overview

To set up a new SnapMirror SVM replication (SVM DR) relationship, you need to have the following SVM subtypes in the source and target clusters:

• The target SVM subtype must be dp-destination, which means that the SVM is a destination for a SnapMirror SVM replication relationship. The dp-destination SVM is a read-only copy of the source SVM and cannot serve data to clients. It can be used for disaster recovery purposes or for cloning data sets1.
• The source SVM subtype must be default, which means that the SVM is a regular SVM that can serve data to clients using various protocols. The default SVM can be the source for a SnapMirror SVM replication relationship, as well as for other types of SnapMirror relationships1.
• The target SVM subtype cannot be sync-destination, as this subtype is used for SnapMirror Synchronous relationships, which are different from SnapMirror SVM replication relationships. SnapMirror Synchronous is a feature that enables zero-recovery point objective (RPO) replication between two volumes on different clusters, while SnapMirror SVM replication is a feature that enables replication of the entire SVM configuration and data between two clusters23.
• The source SVM subtype cannot be sync-source, as this subtype is also used for SnapMirror Synchronous relationships, not for SnapMirror SVM replication relationships23. References :- SVM subtypes, SnapMirror Synchronous overview, About SnapMirror SVM replication.

 The number of ISCSI LIFs that will be created from the SVM setup wizard, as shown in the exhibit, is 16. This is because the LIFs per node field is set to 2, and there are 4 nodes in the cluster. Therefore, the total number of LIFs is 2 x 4 8 for each SVM, and since there are two SVMs, the total number of LIFs is 8 x 2 16. The other options are incorrect because they do not match the calculation based on the exhibit. References :- Configure an SVM for iSCSI, Configure iSCSI on an existing SVM

 To find the highest latency seen on restore, you need to look at the output of the table that shows the latency measurements for different operations and sizes. The highest latency is 10021 ms, which is the maximum latency for the GET operation with 8KB size. This means that when the users recover files with the Windows Previous Versions tab, they are reading data from the cloud tier that has been tiered using the snapshot-only policy, which causes high latency and slow restores.

• The other latencies are not correct, as they are lower than 10021 ms. The maximum latency for the PUT operation with 4MB size is 10500 ms, but this is not related to the restore operation, as it is writing data to the cloud tier. The maximum latency for the GET operation with 4KB size is 9591 ms, which is slightly lower than 10021 ms. The maximum latency for the GET operation with 32KB size is 7889 ms, which is much lower than 10021 ms. The maximum latency for the GET operation with 256KB size is 7838 ms, which is also much lower than 10021 ms. References :- FabricPool overview, FabricPool requirements, FabricPool best practices, High READ Latency from the fabric pool aggregate.

 Quorum is a measure of cluster health and function that indicates how clusters address potential communications and connectivity issues. Quorum is maintained by a simple majority of nodes that are healthy and can communicate with each other. In a 4-node cluster, there is a possibility of a tie in the number of nodes that can communicate with each other. To avoid this, one node has an extra fractional voting weight called epsilon. Epsilon is a tie breaker that helps the cluster decide which node will maintain the master copy of the replicated databases (RDB). The node with epsilon will always be part of the quorum, unless it is unhealthy or isolated. References :- About quorum and epsilon, What is Cluster HA and how is Epsilon utilized to maintain RDB Quorum?

Cloud Backup Service is an ONTAP native solution that supports using SnapMirror to mirror your data to public cloud object storage. Cloud Backup Service enables you to back up your ONTAP volumes to Amazon S3 or Azure Blob storage using SnapMirror Cloud technology. You can also restore your data from cloud storage to a different volume or cluster. Cloud Backup Service leverages SnapDiff V3, which is a feature that reduces the amount of data transferred and stored in the cloud by only sending the changed blocks between snapshots. Cloud Backup Service also preserves the ONTAP storage efficiencies and encryption in the cloud. The other options are not correct because they are not ONTAP native solutions or they do not support using SnapMirror to mirror your data to public cloud object storage. Flash Pool is a feature that combines SSDs and HDDs in a hybrid aggregate to improve performance and capacity. Cloud Compliance service is a feature that provides data privacy and security insights for your cloud data. Cloud Sync is a service that enables data synchronization between different sources and destinations, such as NFS, SMB, S3, Azure Blob, Google Cloud Storage, and more. References :- Back up data to the cloud using SnapMirror, A New Backup Architecture for NAS Systems - SnapDiff V3, SnapMirror in the Cloud: New Uses for NetApp Data Replication

Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a security mechanism that requires users to provide two pieces of evidence to prove their identity before accessing a system. ONTAP supports two methods of 2FA: public key and SAML. Public key authentication uses a pair of cryptographic keys (one public and one private) to verify the user’s identity. SAML authentication uses a web-based protocol that allows users to log in to an application by using a secure identity provider (IdP). Both methods are required to set up 2FA for the ONTAP CLI. IPsec and password are not2FA methods, as they only provide one factor of authentication. References :- Set up multifactor authentication, TR-4647: Multifactor Authentication in ONTAP

When a LUN has space reservations disabled (a non-space-reserved LUN), and its containing volume has no space guarantee, ONTAP reports the volume usage based on the actual data written to the LUN, not the LUN size. Therefore, ONTAP reports that the volume is using 10 GB of its containing aggregate, and the volume is 10% full. References :- Understanding space reservations for LUNs in System Manager, Recommended volume and file or LUN configuration combinations overview

FlexCache is a remote caching capability that simplifies file distribution, reduces WAN latency, and lowers WAN bandwidth costs. It enables distributed product development across multiple sites, as well as branch office access to corporate datasets. FlexCache only caches the actively-read data, rather than entire files or volumes, either locally within a datacenter or geographically dispersed at remote sites. This allows more data to fit in-memory, parallelize queries across hundreds of nodes, and index data faster. FlexCache can improve the speed and productivity of collaboration across multiple locations for read-intensive workloads such as content generation, movie rendering, chip-design, seismic analysis, and financial simulation. References :- What Is FlexCache?, Scale-Out NAS

 The route is a network configuration that defines how the traffic from a LIF is routed to a destination. The route consists of a destination, a gateway, and a metric. The destination is the IP address or subnet that the LIF wants to reach. The gateway is the IP address of the next-hop router that forwards the traffic to the destination. The metric is a numerical value that indicates the preference of the route. In this scenario, the route for the SVM vs0 has a destination of 0.0.0.0/0, which means any IP address or subnet. The gateway is 10.61.208.1, which is the IP address of the router that connects the LIF to the rest of the network. The metric is 20, which is a relatively low value that indicates a high preference. However, the gateway is incorrect, as it does not match the subnet of the LIF. The LIF has an IP address of 192.0.2.130 and a netmask of 255.255.255.0, which means its subnet is 192.0.2.0/24. The gateway should be an IP address within the same subnet, such as 192.0.2.1. This would allow the LIF to communicate with the router and reach other destinations. The incorrect gateway causes connectivity issues, as the LIF cannot find a valid route to send or receive traffic. To resolve this issue, the route needs to be modified to reflect the correct gateway using the network route create or network route modify commands or the System Manager GUI12. References :- Create a route, Modify a route

 To implement a secure and fast solution to recover files in your ONTAP cluster from ransomware, you need to ensure that there is a Snapshot copy schedule for every volume containing files and that the option to show previous versions on each share is activated. Snapshot copies are point-in-time, read-only copies of your data that are immune to ransomware encryption and can be used to restore your files quickly. You need to have a Snapshot copy schedule for every volume to ensure that you have frequent and consistentbackups of your data. The option to show previous versions on each share enables the users to access the Snapshot copies of their files from their Windows Desktop using the Previous Versions tab in the file properties. This way, the users can easily recover their files without involving the storage administrator. The other options are not correct because they are not necessary or supported for this scenario. The option to show previous versions on the SVM is not relevant for the users, as they access the shares, not the SVM. The option to copy a FlexClone of each volume containing files is not supported by ONTAP, as FlexClone is a feature that creates writable clones of volumes or LUNs, not copies. References :- Restore data after a ransomware attack - NetApp, Fighting Ransomware: Part Six – Recover Data Fast with ONTAP Snapshot Copies Blog - NetApp, How to Recover Files from Ransomware Attack [Full Guide 2022]

 You can use ONTAP System Manager or the command line interface to disable the unused Ethernet ports in an ONTAP 9.8 cluster. ONTAP System Manager is a web-based graphical user interface that enables you to manage storage systems, clusters, and resources. The command line interface is a text-based interface that enables you to perform administrative tasks using commands. Both methods allow you to modify the network port settings and remove the ports from the broadcast domain. Active IQ Config Advisor and Active IQ Unified Manager are not methods to disable the unused Ethernet ports, but tools to monitor and optimize the cluster performance and configuration. References :- Monitor the reachability of network ports in ONTAP 9.8 and later, Map network ports using ONTAP 9.8 or later, Map network ports using ONTAP 9.7 or earlier

IPspaces enable you to create multiple logical networks on a single physical network. Each IPspace contains a set of ports, broadcast domains, subnets, and routing groups that are isolated from other IPspaces. By using IPspaces, you can avoid IP address conflicts and routing issues when connecting to different networks that use the same or overlapping IP subnets. In this scenario, you can create a separate IPspace for the intercluster LIFs of AcmeClusOl and WidgetsClusOl, and assign them different subnets that do not overlap with the local subnet at your company. This way, the clusters can communicate with each other without interference from the local network traffic. References :- ONTAP 9 Network Management Guide, ONTAP 9 Cluster and SVM Peering Express Guide, ONTAP 9 Cluster and SVM Peering Guide

SnapDiff is an internal ONTAP engine that quickly identifies the file and directory differences between two Snapshot copies. SnapDiff can be used by backup applications to perform incremental backups, by reducing the amount of data that needs to be scanned and transferred. SnapDiff can also be used by other ONTAP features, such as SnapMirror and SnapVault, to optimize data replication and protection. References :- How incremental tape backup uses SnapDiff and Snapshot copies, Commvault Adds Features to Fortify Ransomware Security, Rubrik | Better NAS Backup RPO with Changelist Snapshots, Snapshot copies

 Virtual Storage Console (VSC) is a vCenter plug-in that provides end-to-end storage management for VMware environments that run on NetApp storage systems. VSC enables you to configure the ESXi host multipathing and HBA timeout settings according to the NetApp best practices. You can use the Set Recommended Values option in the ONTAP tools menu to apply the recommended settings for your system. VSC also provides other features such as provisioning, backup and restore, monitoring, and optimization of NetApp storage forVMware. References :- Virtual Storage Console for VMware vSphere, Configure ESXi server multipathing and timeout settings

To find out how many files are in the NAS volumes of the cluster and how old these files are, you can use the following two tools:

• ONTAP System Manager 9.8 provides a way for admins to find out file system information in any NAS storage volume quickly and easily by enabling a low-impact scanner for each volume. This scanner crawls the ONTAP file system in the background with a low priority job and delivers a wealth of information that is available as soon as you navigate to the volume details page. You can see the file and directory count, the file-age histograms, the capacity use, and other parameters for each volume1.
• ONTAP CLI provides the filestats command that can display a summary of file statistics within a volume on a storage system by reading the file information from a snapshot copy that you specify. You can use various options to filter the output by file size, file type, file age, and so on2.
• Active IQ Config Advisor and Active IQ Unified Manager are not the tools that can fulfill this requirement, as they are mainly used for monitoring and managing the health, performance, and configuration of the cluster, not the file system details of the volumes34. References :- Active IQ Config Advisor, Active IQ Unified Manager, How to report file sizes within a volume using the filestats command, ONTAP 9.8 Feature Overview.

 A thin-provisioned LUN is one for which storage is not reserved in advance, but allocated dynamically as it is needed. To create a thin-provisioned LUN, the -space-reservation parameter must be set to disabled, which means that the LUN does not reserve any space from the containing volume. The other parameters are either irrelevant or contradictory to thin provisioning. References :- Thin provisioning - NetApp, How to convert a volume or LUN from thick to thin provisioned, ONTAP - Provisioning volumes

Active IQ and ONTAP AutoSupport are the two NetApp components that satisfy the requirements. Active IQ is a cloud-based platform that uses telemetry data from NetApp products to provide insights, analytics, and recommendations for optimizing performance, availability, security, and efficiency. ONTAP AutoSupport is a feature that enables ONTAP systems to automatically send configuration, status, performance, and system events data to NetApp. This data helps NetApp to provide proactive support, identify security risks, notify bug fixes, and suggest ONTAP updates. Active IQ and ONTAP AutoSupport work together to enable automatic support case creation and resolution in case of hardware failures. References :- Security and privacy of NetApp telemetry data, Detect Security Vulnerability, Enable AutoSupport to get more insights and analytics for your StorageGRID system

 Jumbo frames are Ethernet frames with a payload greater than the standard maximum transmission unit (MTU) of 1500 bytes. Jumbo frames can improve network performance by reducing the overhead of packet headers and increasing the efficiency of data transfer. However, to use jumbo frames, all the devices in the network path must support the same MTU size. Therefore, to connect NFS datastores over a 10-GbE network using jumbo frames, you need to enable jumbo frames with an MTU of 9000 for your ESXi hosts and your ONTAP cluster, and enable jumbo frames with an MTU of 9216 for your switches. This will ensure that the network can handle the larger frames without fragmentation or dropping. Note that the MTU of 9216 for the switches is slightly higher than the MTU of 9000 for the hosts and the cluster, to account for the additional overhead of VLAN tags or other encapsulations. References :- NFS configuration for ESXi using VSC overview, NS0-162: NetApp Data Administrator ONTAP Flashcards, NetApp Exam NS0-162 Topic 10 Question 20 Discussion, Which three configurations would accomplish this task?, NS0-162 NetApp Certified Data Administrator, ONTAP Exam

 A data LIF is a logical interface that provides data access to clients and applications using various protocols. A data LIF has a service data policy that defines the type of data service that the LIF can provide. In this scenario, to allow object storage access to a bucket that is hosted in ONTAP software, the data LIF must have the data-S3-server service data policy. This policy enables the data LIF to serve S3 requests from clients and applications that use the S3 protocol. The other service data policies are not relevant for this scenario12. References :- Create a data LIF, Service data policies for data LIFs