NSE6_FSW-7.2 NSE6_FSW-7.2 - Fortinet NSE 6 - FortiSwitch 7.2 Questions and Answers

In a multi-tenancy setup on FortiGate, you can assign a FortiSwitch port to a VDOM in two primary ways:

• Switch the FortiLink Interface to the Target VDOM (A): This method involves configuring the FortiLink interface, which is the dedicated interface used to manage FortiSwitch units from FortiGate, to operate within a specific VDOM. This effectively assigns all ports on the FortiSwitch, managed through that FortiLink interface, to the designated VDOM.
• Create a Virtual Port Pool on the FortiGate CLI (C): Virtual port pools are created on FortiGate and allow ports from FortiSwitch to be grouped and assigned to a VDOM. This method is more granular and flexible, as it allows specific ports on the FortiSwitch to be dedicated to different VDOMs without requiring the entire switch or FortiLink interface to be dedicated to a single VDOM.

In FortiSwitch, Access Control Lists (ACLs) are used to enforce security rules on both ingress and egress traffic:

• ACL Evaluation Order (D):

References:For a comprehensive guide on configuring ACLs in FortiSwitch, consult the FortiSwitch security settings documentation available on:Fortinet Product Documentation

When loop guard is enabled on port1 and port2 configured with the same native VLAN (VLAN 10), there are specific scenarios under which port1 can be shut down due to loop guard operation:

A.port1 was shut down by loop guard protection.Loop guard is a specific feature used in network environments to prevent alternative or redundant loops. When loop guard is active, it can shut down a port if it stops receiving BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) on a port that is expected to receive them, assuming a loop or link failure and putting the port into an inconsistent state to prevent potential loops.

B.STP triggered a loop and applied loop guard protection on port1.If the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) detects a loop or loss of BPDU transmissions while loop guard is enabled, it will proactively shut down the port to prevent network instability or a broadcast storm. This is an essential function of loop guard within the context of STP, providing additional protection against topology changes that could introduce loops.

References:

• Additional details about loop guard functionality and STP interaction can be found in the FortiSwitch administration guides, accessible viaFortinet Documentation.

QSFP+ transceiver (A): The QSFP+ (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Plus) transceiver is designed to handle 40G data rates and can be used to split a 40G port into multiple 10G connections. This type of transceiver supports such configurations, making it suitable for high-density applications where multiple 10G connections are derived from a single 40G port, thereby maximizing the utilization of the port and the fiber infrastructure.

In dynamic routing on FortiSwitch, certain types of interfaces are utilized to participate in the routing processes. The types of interfaces that can be used include:

• Loopback Interfaces (B):Loopback interfaces are virtual interfaces that are always up, making them ideal for use in routing protocols where a stable interface is necessary. They are commonly used to establish router IDs and manage routing information more reliably.
• Switch Virtual Interfaces (C):Switch Virtual Interfaces (SVIs) are assigned to VLANs and can have IP addresses assigned to them, making them capable of participating in Layer 3 routing. SVIs are essential for routing between different VLANs on a switch and can participate in dynamic routing protocols to advertise networks or make routing decisions.

Physical Interfaces (D)andDetected Management Interfaces (A)are not typically used directly by dynamic routing protocols for their operations in the context of FortiSwitch.

References:For more information on how these interfaces interact with dynamic routing protocols, you can check the FortiSwitch documentation on Fortinet’s official documentation site:Fortinet Product Documentation

In the context of 802.1X security profiles using MAC-based authentication mode, the following statement is true:

• FortiSwitch must communicate with the RADIUS server to authenticate devices (D):

References:For comprehensive insights into 802.1X and MAC-based authentication on FortiSwitch, including the role of RADIUS servers, consult security configuration resources or the FortiSwitch security manual available at:Fortinet Product Documentation

To ensure that the managed FortiSwitch devices are reachable by other devices across the network for management purposes, such as SNMP or other network management tools, configuring network connectivity correctly is essential. Here's the rationale for the suggested setting:

• Select a Specific Default Gateway (A):
• Why Other Options Are Less Applicable:

References:For a detailed explanation on configuring network settings on FortiSwitch, including how to set up default gateways and IP addresses for network management, refer to the FortiSwitch administration guides available on:Fortinet Product Documentation

To cause endpoints to exchange PoE information and negotiate power with the managed FortiSwitch via LLDP, you should configure the LLDP profile to include power management in the advertised LLDP-MED TLVs. Here are the steps:

• Access the LLDP Profile Configuration:Start by entering the LLDP profile configuration mode with the command:

config switch-controller lldp-profile

edit "LLDP-PROFILE"

• Enable MED-TLVs:Ensure that MED-TLVs (Media Endpoint Discovery TLVs) are enabled. These TLVs are used for extended discovery relating to network policies, including PoE, and are essential for PoE negotiation. They include power management which is crucial for the negotiation of PoE parameters between devices. The command to ensure network policies are set might look like:

set med-tlvs network-policy

• Add Power Management TLV:Specifically add or ensure the power management TLV is part of the configuration. This will advertise the PoE capabilities and requirements, enabling dynamic power allocation between the FortiSwitch and the connected devices (like VoIP phones or wireless access points). This can typically be done within the network-policy settings:

config med-network-policy

edit

set poe-capability

next

end

• Save and Apply Changes:Exit the configuration blocks properly ensuring changes are saved:

End

• Verify Configuration:It’s always good practice to verify that your configurations have been applied correctly. Use the appropriateshoworgetcommands to review the LLDP profile settings.

By adding the power management as part of LLDP-MED TLVs, the FortiSwitch will be able to communicate its power requirements and capabilities to the endpoints, thereby facilitating a dynamic power negotiation that is crucial for efficient PoE utilization.

References:For more detailed information and additional configurations, you can refer to the FortiSwitch Managed Switches documentation available on Fortinet’s official documentation site:Fortinet Product Documentation

FortiGate's multi-tenancy feature, specifically Virtual Domains (VDOMs), is the most appropriate tool for segmenting network operations and the administration of managed FortiSwitch devices on FortiGate. Here's why:

• VDOMs as Virtual Firewalls:VDOMs function as independent virtual firewalls within a single FortiGate device. Each VDOM can have its own:
• Segmenting Network Operations:By assigning different FortiSwitch devices (or groups of ports) to separate VDOMs, you effectively partition your network. Network administrators can manage specific FortiSwitches through their assigned VDOMs, maintaining operational isolation.
• Enhanced Administration:VDOMs offer granular administrative control. Different administrators can be assigned to specific VDOMs, limiting their management scope and reducing the risk of accidental configuration changes.

Why Other Options Are Less Suitable:

• B. Multi-chassis link aggregation trunk:This focuses on link redundancy and bandwidth aggregation, not network segmentation.
• C. FortiGate clustering protocol:This is aimed at high availability and scalability of the firewall functions themselves, not the management of switches.
• D. FortiLink split interface:This allows dividing a FortiLink interface on the FortiGate for managing multiple FortiSwitches, but it doesn't provide the true segmentation and administrative isolation that VDOMs offer.

References:

• Fortinet Document Library - VDOMs:[invalid URL removed]
• Fortinet Document Library - FortiSwitch Multi-tenancy (using VDOMS):https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortiswitch/7.4.2/fortilink-guide/801172/multitenancy-and-vdoms

Time synchronization between FortiGate and its managed FortiSwitch devices is essential for several reasons:

• A. FortiSwitch does not retain its time after a reboot, which gets reset after each reboot.This characteristic of FortiSwitch underlines the importance of time synchronization with FortiGate. Since FortiSwitch loses its time settings upon reboot, synchronizing with FortiGate ensures that its system clock is accurate, which is vital for logging, troubleshooting, and security timestamping.
• C. FortiSwitch cannot complete the DTLS handshake used in the CAPWAP tunnel.Accurate time synchronization is crucial for security protocols such as DTLS, which rely on timestamped certificates for establishing a secure connection. If the time on FortiSwitch is not synchronized with FortiGate, the DTLS handshake used in the CAPWAP tunnel for secure communication may fail due to time discrepancies, impacting the management and operation of the switch.

The correct statement about the quarantine VLAN on FortiSwitch is:

• B. Users who fail 802.1X authentication can be placed on the quarantine VLAN.This feature allows network administrators to isolate devices that do not meet the network’s security criteria as determined through 802.1X authentication. Placing these devices in a quarantine VLAN restricts their network access, thereby protecting the network from potential security threats posed by unauthorized or compromised devices.

Option A is incorrect as the presence of a DHCP server in a quarantine VLAN depends on specific network configurations. Option C is incorrect without more context regarding global settings, and option D misstates the functionality of quarantine VLANs, as their primary use is to restrict, not block, devices without additional VLAN configuration changes.

The native VLAN is implicitly part of the allowed VLAN on the port (C): On a managed FortiSwitch port, the native VLAN, which is the VLAN assigned to untagged traffic, is implicitly included in the list of allowed VLANs. This means it does not need to be explicitly specified whenconfiguring VLAN settings on the port. This configuration simplifies VLAN management and ensures that untagged traffic is handled correctly without additional configuration steps.

Automatic MAC address quarantine is a security feature within the FortiGate/FortiSwitch integration. Here's how it works and why the answers are correct:

• The Role of FortiGate:FortiGate is the central decision point for quarantine actions. It identifies suspicious MAC addresses and communicates quarantine instructions to the FortiSwitch. The FortiSwitch doesn't make quarantine decisions on its own.
• Quarantine Mechanisms:While the decision is made on FortiGate, FortiSwitch supports two ways to enforce the quarantine:
• Configuration:Enabling MAC address quarantine involves configuring parameters on the FortiGate, notably via the CLI but also through the GUI depending on your FortiOS version.

Why the Other Options are Incorrect:

• A. FortiSwitch supports only by VLAN quarantine mode.This is incorrect. FortiSwitch can use both VLAN-based and port-based quarantine methods.
• C. FortiAnalyzer with a threat detection services license is required.FortiAnalyzer can provide deeper analysis and logging, but it's not mandatory for the core functionality of MAC address quarantine.

References:

• Fortinet Document Library - FortiSwitch Quarantines:https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortiswitch/7.4.2/fortilink-guide/173282/quarantines
• Fortinet Document Library - Configuring Switch Controller Quarantine (CLI):https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.2.8/cli-reference/211620/config-switch-controller-quarantine