PDI Salesforce Certified Platform Developer 1 (WI25) Questions and Answers

B: Salesforce requires that all Apex code have at least 75% test coverage in production before deployment. This ensures that the system remains reliable.

C: All triggers must have some test coverage as part of the overall 75% requirement for Apex code.

Why not other options?

A: Object visibility settings are not a deployment requirement.

D: Visual Flows do not require test coverage for deployment to production.

References:

Apex Test Coverage Requirements

Why Developer Console?

The Developer Console provides tools to troubleshoot query performance, including the Query Plan tool.

The Query Plan tool evaluates SOQL query performance and provides insight into query costs and optimization.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Setup Menu: Used for administrative tasks, not performance troubleshooting.

B. Visual Studio Code IDE: Useful for development, but does not offer query performance tools.

C. AppExchange: Provides apps but does not directly help with query troubleshooting.

Query Plan Tool: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.220.0.salesforce_console.meta/salesforce_console/salesforce_console_query_plan.htm

References:

Why WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED?

Ensures field-level security and sharing rules are enforced in SOQL queries.

Prevents unauthorized records or fields from being accessed or displayed.

Why Not Other Options?

B and C: with sharing and inherited sharing enforce record-level access but do not handle field-level security.

D: without sharing ignores sharing rules, which would display all records regardless of user permissions.

Security in SOQL: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_classes_with_security_enforced.htm

References:

A roll-up summary field is the best practice for aggregating values (e.g., sum, count, or average) from child records in a master-detail relationship. This feature automatically calculates the sum of all Order Line item totals and displays it on the parent Order record.

When an Account record is created, the following happens:

Before insert trigger increments the count field once.

After insert record-triggered flow executes and increments the count again.

When the record is subsequently updated:

Before update trigger increments the count again.

After update record-triggered flow increments it once more.

Thus, the final value of the count field = 4.

References:

Order of Execution in Salesforce

The requirement specifies that the Salary__c field should function as a currency input and honor field-level security.

The lightning-input-field component (Option C) automatically respects field-level permissions set in Salesforce and ensures the Salary__c field is editable and viewable only by authorized users.

Other options do not guarantee compliance with field-level security:

Option A: does not enforce field-level security.

Option B: is read-only and cannot be used for editing.

Option D: requires custom logic for enforcing security.

References:

Lightning Web Components Documentation

Field-Level Security Best Practices

Execution Flow:

The do-while loop executes the body of the loop before evaluating the condition.

Initial x = 0.

Inside the loop: x = 1 (reassignment) and then incremented to 2.

The condition x < 1 is false after the first iteration, so the loop exits.

Debug Output:System.debug(x) logs 2.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is the best model for the scenario described because it provides on-demand access to compute, storage, and networking resources that are ideal for a scalable server cluster. IaaS allows the engineering team to rent infrastructure resources without having to invest in physical hardware, making it perfect for temporary or fluctuating workloads, such as scalability testing.

Key Characteristics of IaaS:

Full control over the operating systems and applications running on the servers.

Flexible resource allocation to support high scalability.

Ideal for custom software testing where specific server configurations may be needed.

Why not the other options?

PaaS (Platform as a Service):While PaaS is excellent for application development and deployment, it abstracts the infrastructure layer, which would limit the engineering team's control over the cluster's configuration.

SaaS (Software as a Service):SaaS delivers fully managed applications, not infrastructure or testing environments. It’s irrelevant for this use case.

BaaS (Backend as a Service):BaaS is tailored to mobile or web application backend development, providing APIs and pre-built services, not infrastructure for a server cluster.

Platform Developer References:While this question is broader than Salesforce-specific concepts, understanding IaaS vs. PaaS is relevant when working with Salesforce development. For example:

Salesforce operates as a PaaS (e.g., Force.com platform), allowing developers to build and deploy applications without managing underlying servers.

Testing scalability and performance at an infrastructure level (as in the question) would fall under IaaS concepts, which Salesforce developers might encounter when integrating external services or infrastructure like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud.

This foundational knowledge complements your understanding of cloud services in the Salesforce ecosystem.

In the context of the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture for a Lightning Web Component (LWC), the Apex class and JavaScript file are responsible for handling the controller's role:

Apex Class (Controller):

Acts as the server-side controller.

Executes business logic, such as the complex validations mentioned in the scenario.

Exposes methods for the LWC to call using @AuraEnabled.

Pagination using a StandardSetController helps manage large datasets by loading only a subset of records at a time. This approach minimizes view state size, which is critical for handling large datasets like 10,000+ records.

sObject: SOQL queries can return single or multiple records as sObject instances.

List: SOQL queries often return results as a List of sObject.

Double: SOQL aggregate queries can return numeric data types like Double (e.g., COUNT, SUM).

 Option B: Custom events in LWC allow data to be passed using the detail property of the CustomEvent object. This is the recommended way to pass data in a custom event.

Option C implements a before insert trigger to prevent the creation of Request__c records when specific conditions exist. It uses the addError method to display an error to users.

Example of correct logic:

trigger RequestTrigger on Request__c (before insert) {

for (Request__c req : Trigger.new) {

if (!RequestLogic.isValid(req)) {

req.addError('Your request cannot be created at this time.');

}

}

}

To preserve the value of maxAttempts for the length of the Apex transaction and share its state between trigger executions:

Static Variable:

Static variables are initialized once per transaction and retain their value throughout the transaction.

They can be accessed without instantiating the class.

Private Scope:

Declaring it as private ensures encapsulation and prevents unintended external modification.

Helper Class:

Using a helper class ensures the separation of concerns, keeping trigger logic clean and adhering to best practices.

Example Code:public class HelperClass {

private static Integer maxAttempts = 5; // Default value

public static Integer getMaxAttempts() {

return maxAttempts;

}

public static void setMaxAttempts(Integer attempts) {

maxAttempts = attempts;

}

}

A: Constants (static + final) cannot be modified after initialization.

B: Trigger member variables cannot retain values across executions within the same transaction.

C: Declaring it as a non-static variable in a helper class would reset its value during each trigger execution.

Why Not the Other Options?

Why Lightning Pages?

The Lightning Component framework is designed for building responsive Lightning Pages.

Allows for dynamic and modular development.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Salesforce Classic does not support Lightning Components.

C: JavaScript buttons are replaced by Quick Actions in Lightning Experience.

D: While integrations are possible, the framework is not primarily used for integrations.

Lightning Components Overview: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/component-library/documentation/en/lwc

References:

In Visualforce, data-binding requires getter and setter methods to access the attributes of a controller. Adding a getter method for actType ensures that its value is retrieved properly.

To ensure that the TestUtils class and its methods are only accessible by unit test methods, the class must be annotated with the @isTest annotation. This annotation limits the scope of the class and its methods to test contexts only.

Why @isTest?

Purpose of @isTest:

The @isTest annotation marks a class or method for use exclusively within test scenarios. It prevents the methods from being accidentally invoked in production code.

This ensures better test isolation and prevents misuse.

Static Test Data Methods:

Marking helper methods for test data creation as @isTest ensures they do not interfere with production code and are strictly for testing purposes.

Analysis of Options:

Option A: @isTest above line 03:

Incorrect. Applying @isTest only to the createAccount method would work, but the other methods in the class would still be accessible. This does not satisfy the requirement of restricting the entire class.

Option B: Add @isTest above line 01:

Correct. Annotating the class ensures all methods within the class are accessible only in the context of tests.

Option C: Change public to private on line 01:

Incorrect. Changing the class to private would cause a compilation error, as top-level classes in Salesforce cannot be declared private.

Option D: Remove static from line 03:

Incorrect. Removing static does not affect the test scope of the class or its methods. Static methods can still be invoked, and this does not restrict access to test contexts.

Correct Implementation:

The corrected code would look like this:

@isTest

public class TestUtils {

public static Account createAccount() {

Account acct = new Account();

// Set some fields on acct

return acct;

}

// Other methods...

}

References:

Apex Testing: Test Classes and Methods

Trailhead Module on Apex Testing

Correct Syntax for SOSL Query:

Option B uses SOSL (Salesforce Object Search Language) to find records where the phrase 'ACME' appears in any field across multiple objects (Contact and Lead).

Syntax used in Option B:

List> searchList = [FIND 'ACME' IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING Contact, Lead];

This query retrieves a list of SObject lists, where each inner list contains the results for a specific object (e.g., Contact or Lead).

Why not the other options?

A. Option A:

This uses SOQL (Salesforce Object Query Language), not SOSL. SOQL cannot search across multiple objects or fields. The syntax provided is invalid because SOQL doesn’t support "multi-object WHERE conditions."

C. Option C:

The Map syntax is incorrect for SOSL queries. SOSL queries return a List>, not a Map.

D. Option D:

The syntax List for SOSL is incorrect. SOSL must return List> since the results are grouped by object types.

References:

SOSL Queries in Apex

SOQL vs SOSL

In Option B, the webservice keyword is used to declare the class and the specific method updateRecords. This is correct because:

The helper method helperMethod is private and not exposed to the external application.

The webservice method updateRecords is declared global static, making it accessible externally.

A. 75% Test Coverage: Salesforce mandates that 75% of all Apex code must be covered by tests to be deployable to production.

D. Trigger Coverage: Each Apex trigger must have at least one line of test coverage to ensure it is properly tested.

To create and manage scratch orgs in Salesforce DX, the Dev Hub must be enabled in your Salesforce production or Developer Edition org. Dev Hub acts as the central hub for managing scratch orgs.

To notify the parent component when the child component’s Next button is clicked, the child component can dispatch a custom event. The parent component listens to this event and handles navigation accordingly.

Why These Settings?

bubbles: true: Enables the event to propagate up the containment hierarchy.

composed: true: Allows the event to cross the Shadow DOM boundary.

Why Not Other Options?

Other combinations (e.g., bubbles: false) prevent the event from propagating or crossing the Shadow DOM boundary.

Custom Events in LWC: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/component-library/documentation/en/lwc/lwc.events_create_dispatch

References:

Tooling API:

The Tooling API provides programmatic access to manage tests and other metadata in the org.

It can execute test classes or methods remotely.

Developer Console:

The Developer Console is a built-in Salesforce tool to execute Apex tests, debug logs, and more.

Allows developers to execute tests interactively.

B. Metadata API: Used for managing metadata, not for running tests.

C. Bulk API: Used for data operations, not related to testing.

Tooling API Overview: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.api_tooling.meta/api_tooling/

Testing with Developer Console: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.code_dev_console_test.htm

SFDX CLI (A):Salesforce CLI allows the automation of deployment scripts to sandboxes. Using commands like sfdx force:source:deploy, developers can deploy metadata directly from source control.

Marking the field as required on the field definition ensures that the field is always populated during record creation or update. This enforces the rule at the database level.

Other Options:

Option A: Setting a default value ensures a value is present initially but does not enforce a value during updates.

Option B: Writing a trigger is less efficient and adds unnecessary complexity.

Option C: Marking the field as required on the page layout is UI-specific and does not enforce the rule during API or code-based operations.

The quickest way to make Visualforce pages styled like Lightning Experience is by incorporating SLDS. This provides consistent styling without rewriting the applications.

Why not other options?

A: Rewriting all Visualforce pages as Lightning components is time-consuming and not efficient.

B: There is no attribute enableLightning in Visualforce.

C: Enabling Lightning Experience compatibility does not apply styling automatically.

References:

Salesforce Lightning Design System (SLDS)

Why a Trigger on the Child Object?

Since the relationship is not master-detail, a trigger on the child object can perform aggregate calculations and update the parent Opportunity.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Tree sorting is unnecessary and unrelated to roll-up summaries.

B and D: Neither Streaming API nor Metadata API is suitable for real-time roll-up calculations.

Custom Roll-Up Summaries: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_triggers_best_practices.htm

References:

Unit Test Scenarios:

Option B is valid because getContentAsPDF() can generate PDF content for testing purposes.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Unit tests cannot execute anonymous Apex as a different user.

C: Unit tests cannot perform callouts unless mock responses are provided.

D: The System.createdDate field cannot be set manually in unit tests.

Testing Best Practices: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_testing_best_practices.htm

References:

Before-save Apex Trigger:

This is the best solution because a before-save trigger runs before the record is saved to the database, providing an opportunity to validate or modify the data.

In this case, the Apex trigger can validate the email address using a regular expression or a third-party API call to ensure the email address is valid. If the email is invalid, an error message can be displayed using addError().

Why not the other options?

A. Submit a REST API Callout with a JSON payload:

REST callouts are more complex and generally not recommended for simple validation tasks like email format validation. Additionally, callouts cannot be performed directly in a before-save trigger.

C. Use a custom Lightning Web Component (LWC):

LWCs are primarily for UI interactions and should not be used to enforce data validations that are server-side requirements.

D. Use an Approval Process:

Approval Processes are for managing the approval flow of records, not for real-time validations. They cannot enforce email validation directly.

References:

Apex Triggers Documentation

Trigger Context Variables

Event Propagation Phases in Aura Framework:

Default Phase: The framework executes handlers with event.setDefault().

Bubble Phase: The event propagates upward from the target component to the root component.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Control: Not a valid Aura event propagation phase.

D. Emit: This is part of event creation, not propagation.

Aura Event Propagation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.lightning.meta/lightning/events_application.htm

References:

When working with a Lightning Web Component (LWC), the correct syntax for importing an Apex method is:import methodName from "@salesforce/apex/ControllerName.methodName";.

Why not other options?

A, B, and C: These use incorrect syntax for importing Apex methods in LWCs.

References:

Lightning Web Components Documentation

The Test menu in the Developer Console allows the developer to run specific or all test classes, ensuring that the trigger works correctly without affecting production data. Test methods in Salesforce run in an isolated environment and do not modify the actual data.

Why not other options?

A: Deploying code does not confirm that the trigger works correctly.

B: Creating a new Contact directly modifies production data, which is not recommended.

D: Executing a DML statement in Execute Anonymous directly affects production data and is not a safe testing method.

References:

Testing Apex Triggers

A: Custom objects and fields are the fundamental building blocks of the database layer in Salesforce for creating and storing custom data.

C: Roll-up summary fields are a declarative feature used to perform calculations (e.g., sum, count) on child records and display the results on the parent record.

D: Relationships (e.g., master-detail, lookup) are essential for defining how data objects are related to each other.

Why not other options?

B: Triggers are a programmatic solution, which goes against the declarative-only requirement.

E: Flows are used for automation and logic, not for building the database layer.

References:

Salesforce Data Modeling

The @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true) annotation makes an Apex method available to Lightning Web Components and allows it to be wired to a property while enabling client-side caching for improved performance.

To embed a Lightning component in a Visualforce page, the following are required:

A: is necessary to include the Lightning framework on the Visualforce page.

C: $Lightning.use() initializes the Lightning app and is essential for using Lightning components.

Why not other options?

B: $Lightning.createComponent is used for creating a specific Lightning component but is not enough on its own.

D: includes SLDS (Styling) but is unrelated to embedding Lightning components.

E: This is not a valid syntax.

References:

Embedding Lightning Components in Visualforce

@InvocableMethod Requirements:

Must be declared as public static.

Must accept and return a List to support batch operations.

Return type should be compatible with Flow Builder, in this case, a List.

Why Option C?

Fulfills all @InvocableMethod requirements:

@InvocableMethod(label='Additional Info')

public static List getInfo(List contactIds) {

// Implementation

}

Why Not Other Options?

A, B, D: Do not adhere to the public static requirement or fail to use a List as input/output.

InvocableMethod Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_classes_annotation_InvocableMethod.htm

References:

Option A: Only one method annotated with @InvocableMethod can exist per class.

Option C: The method must be static.

Option E: The method can be declared as Public or Global for broader accessibility.

The Lightning Out library allows a Lightning Web Component to be embedded in a Visualforce page. This approach is the most suitable to make the LWC accessible in Salesforce Classic.

To embed a Flow in an Aura component, the lightning:flow tag is used. It allows developers to interact with flows declaratively in Aura components.

Account Trigger:

Apex triggers allow for complex logic to retrieve and update the Timezone field based on PostalCodeToTimezone__c.

Fast Field Updates Record-Triggered Flow:

A record-triggered flow in Fast Field Updates mode can fetch the necessary data from PostalCodeToTimezone__c and update the Account.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Quick actions: Used for user interface updates, not for automation based on edits.

B. Approval process: Not relevant to dynamic field updates.

Record-Triggered Flow: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.flow_build_trigger.htm

References:

After running all tests, the Overall Code Coverage panel in the Developer Console shows the code coverage percentage for each class.

This is the most reliable and optimal way to view code coverage.

B: @testSetup inserts data once and shares it across all test methods in the class, saving system resources.

D: @isTest(SeeAllData=true) is incompatible with @testSetup due to their differing purposes for managing test data.

Option A: Using variable binding eliminates the need for concatenating dynamic values in the query, which is the safest approach.

Option B: Using String.escapeSingleQuotes ensures special characters are handled safely, reducing the risk of SOQL injection.

Not Suitable:

Option C: While with sharing ensures sharing rules are applied, it does not prevent SOQL injection.

Option D: Regular expressions are not a reliable method for sanitizing input.

Why @TestSetup?

The @TestSetup annotation creates a baseline set of test data once per test class.

Test methods reuse this data, avoiding the need to recreate it repeatedly, which improves efficiency.

Why Not Other Options?

A: HttpCalloutMock is used for mocking callouts, not for creating test data.

C: Using seeAllData=true is discouraged because it relies on org data, violating test isolation principles.

D: While creating data in Test.startTest() works, it is less efficient than @TestSetup for shared data.

Test Setup Methods: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_testing_testsetup.htm

References:

Why Data Loader?

Data Loader supports all standard and custom objects, including Opportunities.

It is suitable for importing large data volumes like 500 records.

Why Not Data Import Wizard?

The Data Import Wizard does not support all objects, such as Opportunities.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Data Loader does not automatically relate Opportunities to Accounts unless provided external IDs.

B: Data Loader is a desktop application, not browser-based.

D: The Data Import Wizard can handle more than 500 records for supported objects, but it doesn't support Opportunities.

Data Loader Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.dataLoader.meta/dataLoader/

References:

Option A (Apex Class): Trace flags can be configured for specific Apex classes to debug issues during their execution.

Option C (User): Trace flags can be set for specific users to debug issues occurring in their transactions.

Option E (Apex Trigger): Trace flags can be set for specific triggers to debug execution.

Not Suitable:

Option B (Flow): Trace flags cannot be configured for Flows directly.

Option D (Visualforce): Trace flags are not used to debug Visualforce pages directly.

The recordSetVar attribute of the tag allows a Visualforce page to handle multiple records, which is ideal for list buttons that display a page for bulk editing.

Why not other options?

A: Standard controllers can be extended, but using recordSetVar is the direct and best-supported method for this scenario.

B: There is no such concept as a "Custom List Controller" in Visualforce.

C: is not a valid Visualforce tag.

References:

Visualforce Standard Controller with RecordSetVar

Public Method (A):The parent component can call a public method defined in the child component to pass data directly.

Using a for loop allows iterating through the list, and an if or if-else condition inside can evaluate the LastModifiedDate for each account to determine its status.

A: Formula fields are calculated at runtime based on the formula definition and are not stored in the database.

C: Formula fields can reference fields from related objects, allowing cross-object calculations.

Why not other options?

B: Formulas cannot reference themselves; doing so would result in a circular reference error.

D: If a field used in a formula field is deleted, the formula field will break, and Salesforce will prevent deletion until the formula field is updated.

References:

Formula Fields Documentation

Option B: The component renders all messages added to the ApexPages messages collection on a Visualforce page, including those added by the ApexPages.addMessage() method.

Not Suitable:

Option A: is for specific fields, not for the general messages collection.

Option C: is used for displaying a single, static message, not the dynamic collection of messages.

Option D: does not display messages.

Flow Builder:

Flow Builder can evaluate record criteria using a Decision element and then send an outbound message using the "Action" element.

Allows automation without Apex.

Approval Process:

Approval Processes can evaluate criteria and trigger outbound messages as one of the associated actions.

Why Not Other Options?

C. Entitlement Process: Focuses on managing entitlements, not triggering outbound messages.

D. Next Best Action: Used for recommendations and guided actions, not for triggering outbound messages.

Flow Builder Documentation: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=flow_overview.htm

Approval Process Documentation: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=approval_defining.htm

References:

Why Test.loadData()?

Simplifies test data creation by loading data from a CSV file stored as a static resource.

Ideal for testing specific field values in bulk.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Querying data from the org violates test isolation principles.

C: Anonymous Apex cannot be used within test classes.

D: JSON files in Documents are not supported by Test.loadData().

Test.loadData(): https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_testing_tools_load_data.htm

References:

Option A: The tag ensures that scripts are loaded only once, even if referenced multiple times.

Option D: The tag allows you to specify the order of scripts to ensure dependencies are loaded correctly.

Option E: Externally hosted scripts can be loaded using the scripts attribute.

Not Suitable:

Option B (Loading scripts in parallel): Scripts are loaded sequentially to ensure proper dependency handling.

Option C (Loading Files from Documents): Files must be hosted externally or in static resources, not in Documents.

Option B: To update a junction object, the user needs Read/Write access to the primary relationship object.

Option C: The user must also have Read/Write access on the junction object itself.

Interfaces in Java and Salesforce Apex:

In Java or Apex, interfaces define a contract that classes must fulfill. They provide method signatures that any implementing class must define.

The keyword implements is used to implement an interface.

Classes and Inheritance:

A class in Java/Apex cannot use extends to inherit from an interface. The extends keyword is reserved for inheriting from another class, while implements is used for interfaces.

Multiple Interfaces:

A class can implement multiple interfaces in both Java and Salesforce Apex. This is done by separating interface names with commas after the implements keyword.

Correct Syntax:

To create a DrawList class that implements both Sortable and Drawable interfaces, the syntax must:

Use implements for interfaces.

Provide implementations for all methods defined in the interfaces.

Analysis of Options:

Option A:

Uses implements for each interface separately, which is syntactically incorrect in Java/Apex.

Invalid due to redundancy.

Option B:

Correctly uses implements for multiple interfaces separated by a comma.

Provides implementations for both methods, sort() and draw().

Option C and D:

Use extends for interfaces, which is invalid. Interfaces cannot be extended by classes.

Final Implementation:

public class DrawList implements Sortable, Drawable {

public void sort() {

// Implementation of sort method

}

public void draw() {

// Implementation of draw method

}

}

References:

Apex Classes and Interfaces Documentation

Trailhead Module on Apex Interfaces

Option B is the correct implementation as it adheres to the rules for working with interfaces in Java/Apex.