sca_sles15 SUSE Certified Administrator in Enterprise Linux 15 Questions and Answers

For programs to leverage PolKit they are split into two separate processes. The statements below that are true regarding these two PolKit processes are:

• The Mechanism process runs in the System Context.
• The Policy Agent process runs in the User Session.

The Mechanism process is responsible for performing privileged actions on behalf of unprivileged users. It runs as root in the System Context and communicates with PolKit via D-Bus. The Policy Agent process is responsible for requesting authorization from users when they attempt to perform privileged actions. It runs as a normal user in the User Session and communicates with PolKit via D-Bus. References: https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/sec-polkit.html#sec-polkit-processes

You can view manual pages by running the man command followed by a specific command name. If the man command is not installed on your system, install it by runningzypper install man.

https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-GA/html/SLES-all/pre-sle.html

The command that is used to view the manual pages is man. The man command will display the formatted documentation for a given command, function, or file. The manual pages are organized into sections based on their type and purpose. The user can specify the section number and the name of the item to view its manual page. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/sec-cli-help.html#sec-cli-help-man

Assuming the default value for umask, which is 022, the permissions on new files would be set to 644 and the permissions on new directories would be set to 755. The umask value is subtracted from the base permissions of 666 for files and 777 for directories to determine the actual permissions. For example, 666 - 022 = 644 for files and 777 - 022 = 755 for directories. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/sec-file-permissions.html#sec-file-permissions-umask

By default, the VNC Client and the VNC server daemon use a self-signed SSL certificate for secure communications. The VNC server generates a self-signed certificate when it is started for the first time. The VNC Client will prompt the user to accept or reject the certificate when connecting to the server. Alternatively, the user can provide a custom certificate for the VNC server or disable encryption if desired. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/sec-vnc-security.html

The option for zypper that will list the available patches is zypper lp. This command will display a table of patches that are applicable to your system but not yet installed. It will show the patch name, category, severity, summary, and status for each patch. You can use zypper patch to install all available patches or zypper patch-info to get more details about a specific patch. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/sec-zypper.html#sec-zypper-patches

The configuration files that have a format that is compatible with the system logging facility in SUSE Linux Enterprise are /etc/syslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.conf. These files contain rules that specify how to filter and process log messages from different sources and destinations. The /etc/syslog.conf file is used by the traditional syslogd daemon, while the /etc/rsyslog.conf file is used by the more advanced rsyslogd daemon. SUSE Linux Enterprise uses rsyslogd by default, but it can also read /etc/syslog.conf for backward compatibility. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/cha-syslog.html#sec-syslog-config

The bash commands that result in a valid arithmetic expansion are:

• TOTAL=$[8/2]
• TOTAL=$((5+2))
• ((TOTAL++))

Arithmetic expansion is a bash feature that allows you to perform integer calculations and assign or use the result in a command or expression. There are two syntaxes for arithmetic expansion: [expression]and((expression)). The expression can contain variables, operators, parentheses, etc. The ((expression)) syntax can also be used without the $ sign for assignments or conditional tests. References: https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/cha-bash.html#sec-bash-arithmetic

The /etc/fstab file contains information about file systems that need to be mounted at boot time or on demand. It specifies the device name, mount point, file system type, mount options, dump frequency, and fsck order for each file system. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/cha-storage-mounting.html#sec-storage-mounting-fstab

The Linux kernel is started by the BIOS or UEFI firmware during the boot process, depending on the hardware architecture. The BIOS or UEFI firmware is responsible for initializing the hardware and loading the boot loader from a boot device. The boot loader then loads the kernel and passes some parameters to it. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/sec-boot-process.html

The file that contains information about secondary groups on the system is /etc/group. This file defines the group names, group IDs, group passwords, and group members for each group on the system. The primary group information for each user is stored in /etc/passwd file. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/sec-user-group.html#sec-user-group-files

The name of the system logging facility in SUSE Linux Enterprise is syslog-ng. It is a flexible and scalable implementation of the syslog protocol that can handle various types of log messages from different sources and destinations. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/cha-syslog.html

If the file1.txt file already exists in your home directory, the touch -7file1.txt command will change the access and modification times of the existing file1.txt file. The touch command can be used to create new empty files or update the timestamps of existing files. The -7 option specifies that only one timestamp should be changed instead of both. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/sec-cli-touch.html

The command that you would use to set an Extended ACL so that the jsmith user has all permissions to just the tstparse.sh file in your scripts subdirectory under your home directory is setfacl -m u:jsmith:rwx ~/scripts/tstparse.sh. This command will modify (or create if it does not exist) the Extended ACL for the specified file and add an entry for the jsmith user with read, write, and execute permissions. You can use getfacl ~/scripts/tstparse.sh to view the Extended ACL for the file. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/sec-acl.html#sec-acl-set

The ip route show or ip r s commands will display the routing table on a Linux system. The routing table contains information about how to reach different network destinations. The cat /etc/sysconfig/routes command will display the static routes configuration file, which may not reflect the current routing table. The other commands are either invalid or unrelated to routing. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/sec-network-routing.html

The command that will take a foreground process and suspend it, and then place it in the background as a stopped job is Ctrl+Z. This keyboard shortcut will send a SIGTSTP signal to the foreground process group, which will stop its execution and return control to the shell. The shell will then display the job number and status of the stopped process. To resume the process in the background, you can use the bg command with the job number or % sign. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/sec-cli-jobs.html

The program systemd is the process with process ID 1. It is responsible for initializing the system in the required way. systemd is started directly by the kernel and resists signal 9, which normally terminates processes. All other programs are either started directly by systemd or by one of its child processes.

https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-GA/html/SLES-all/cha-systemd.html

Systemd is the first process that is started by the kernel during boot. It has the process ID of 1. It is responsible for initializing and managing other processes and services on the system. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/cha-systemd-basics.html#sec-systemd-intro

The initrd file is an initial ramdisk image that contains the necessary drivers and tools to mount the root file system and start the boot process. It is usually located in the /boot directory along with the kernel image (vmlinuz). References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/sec-boot-initrd.html

The command and options to remove repository number 4 are zypper rr 4. This command will remove the repository with the alias or number 4 from the system. It will also delete anyassociated cache data and metadata. To list the repositories on the system, you can use zypper lr or zypper repos. References:https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/sec-zypper.html#sec-zypper-repos