The SecOps Group CNSP Dumps Questions Answers

In Windows, security principals (users, groups) are identified by aSecurity Identifier (SID), formatted as S-1-<authority>--. TheRID (Relative Identifier)is the final component, unique within a domain or machine. For local accounts:

RID 500:Assigned to the built-inAdministratoraccount on every Windows machine (e.g., S-1-5-21--500).

Created during OS install, with full system privileges.

Disabled by default in newer Windows versions (e.g., 10/11) unless explicitly enabled.

RID 501:Guest account (e.g., S-1-5-21--501), limited access.

Technical Details:

Stored in SAM (C:\Windows\System32\config\SAM).

Enumeration: Tools like wmic useraccount or net user reveal RIDs.

Domain Context: Domain Admins use RID 512, but the question specifies a local machine.

Security Implications:RID 500 is a prime target for brute-forcing or pass-the-hash attacks (e.g., Mimikatz). CNSP likely advises renaming/disabling it (e.g., via GPO).

Why other options are incorrect:

A. 0:Reserved (e.g., Null SID, S-1-0-0), not a user RID.

C. 501:Guest, not Administrator.

D. 100:Invalid; local user RIDs start at 1000 (e.g., custom accounts).

Real-World Context:Post-compromise, attackers query RID 500 (e.g., net user Administrator) for privilege escalation.References:CNSP Official Study Guide (Windows Security); Microsoft SID Documentation.

The SMB protocol, used for file and printer sharing, has evolved across versions, with significant security enhancements in later iterations.

Why C is correct:SMBv3, introduced with Windows 8 and Server 2012, added native support for encrypting SMB traffic. This feature uses AES-CCM encryption to protect data in transit, addressing vulnerabilities in earlier versions. CNSP notes SMBv3’s encryption as a critical security improvement.

Why other options are incorrect:

A. SMBv1:Lacks encryption support and is considered insecure, often disabled due to vulnerabilities like WannaCry exploitation.

B. SMBv2:Introduces performance improvements but does not support encryption natively.

D. None of the above:Incorrect, as SMBv3 is the version that introduced encryption.

References:CNSP "File Sharing Protocols" (Section on SMB Versions) details SMBv3’s encryption feature, contrasting it with the limitations of SMBv1 and SMBv2.

A DNS zone transfer replicates an entire DNS zone (a collection of DNS records for a domain) from a primary nameserver to a secondary one, typically for redundancy or load balancing. TheAXFR(Authoritative Full Zone Transfer) query type, defined in RFC 1035, facilitates this process. The dig (Domain Information Groper) tool, a staple in Linux/Unix environments, is used to query DNS servers. The correct syntax is:

dig @ axfrHere, dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axfr instructs dig to request a zone transfer for "victim.com" from the nameserver at 10.0.0.1. The @ symbol specifies the target server, overriding the system’s default resolver.

Technical Details:

The AXFR query is sent over TCP (port 53), not UDP, due to the potentially large size of zone data, which exceeds UDP’s typical 512-byte limit (pre-EDNS0).

Successful execution requires the nameserver to permit zone transfers from the querying IP, often restricted to trusted secondaries via Access Control Lists (ACLs) for security. If restricted, the server responds with a "REFUSED" error.

Security Implications:Zone transfers expose all DNS records (e.g., A, MX, NS), making them a reconnaissance goldmine for attackers if misconfigured. CNSP likely emphasizes securing DNS servers against unauthorized AXFR requests, using tools like dig to test vulnerabilities.

Why other options are incorrect:

A. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axrfr:"axrfr" is a typographical error. The correct query type is "axfr." Executing this would result in a syntax error or an unrecognized query type response from dig.

B. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com afxr:"afxr" is another typo, not a valid DNS query type per RFC 1035. dig would fail to interpret this, likely outputting an error like "unknown query type."

C. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com arfxr:"arfxr" is also invalid, a jumbled version of "axfr." It holds no meaning in DNS protocol standards and would fail similarly.

Real-World Context:Penetration testers use dig ... axfr to identify misconfigured DNS servers. For example, dig @ns1.example.com example.com axfr might reveal subdomains or internal IPs if not locked down.References:CNSP Official Documentation (DNS Security and Tools); RFC 1035 (Domain Names - Implementation and Specification).